How are valves classified according to the way they are connected to the pipes?
Valves can be classified according to the way they are connected to the pipelines as follows: **Flange-connected valves:** These valves have a flange on their body, and they are connected to the pipelines using flanges. They are secured in place with flange plates and bolts, providing good sealing performance and facilitating easy installation and disassembly. They are widely used in industrial pipelines, such as those in the petrochemical and power industries, where large-diameter pipelines are common.
**Thread-connected valves:** These valves have threaded connections on their body, and they are attached to the pipelines by screwing them onto the corresponding threaded ports on the pipelines. They are suitable for use in small-diameter, low-pressure pipelines (with diameters of less than DN50). Sealing compounds are usually required to prevent leaks. **Welded-connected valves:** These valves have weldable joints on their body, and they are connected to the pipelines by welding. The valve body is directly welded to the pipeline, ensuring reliable sealing. However, these valves are not detachable and are therefore suitable for high-pressure, high-temperature applications or for use in complex environments, such as in petrochemical plants. **Clamp-connected valves:** These valves have clamping fixtures on their body, and they are connected to the pipelines using these fixtures. They are ideal for applications that require quick installation, such as sanitary-grade butterfly valves and ball valves. **Socket-connected valves:** These valves are connected to the pipelines using socket fittings. **Wafer-connected valves:** These valves are placed between two flanges, which saves space and makes them suitable for use in compact installation environments.

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